Southern chestnut-tailed antbird

The southern chestnut-tailed antbird, or chestnut-tailed antbird, (Sciaphylax hemimelaena) is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.

The southern chestnut-tailed antbird is 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 14.5 to 16.5 g (0.51 to 0.58 oz). Males of the nominate subspecies have a mostly gray head and upper mantle with black centers to the feathers. The rest of their upperparts, their tail, and their flight feathers are dark yellowish red-brown. They have a white patch between the scapulars with black spots near the tips of the feathers. Their wing coverts are black with large white to buff-white tips. Their throat and upper breast are black, the center of their belly white to gray, and the rest of their underparts yellowish red-brown. They have a black bill. Females have a brown tinge on their crown, a reddish yellow-brown throat and breast, and a pale reddish yellow-brown to white belly. Their mandible is pale. Males of subspecies S. h. pallens have more white on their belly than the nominate; females are overall paler than the nominate.